9 new technologies of Industry 5.0
New technologies of Industry 5.0 are the most innovative and disruptive technological innovations based on technologies that promote more productive, yet environmentally friendly and human-centric methods of value creation. Industry 5.0 leverages these technologies to offer a green and people-centric approach to digitalization and promote social and environmental values. Nine new technologies that support the concept and main goals of Industry 5.0. A brief description of each new Industry 5.0 technology.
Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems (C-CCP)
Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems (C-CCP) is an upgrade over the cyber-physical-social system. Besides acknowledging the role of humans in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), communication-wise in particular, it benefits from a certain degree of machine consciousness. Instead of sense-plan-act, C-CCP operates on the sense-analyze-compute-act cycle. Under this cycle, C-CCP can be characterized by the four properties of self-knowledge, self-monitoring, self-awareness, and self-informing, which allow it to respond under all circumstances proactively. C-CPS also recognizes the role of human cognition in the CPS, offering a smoother and safer man-machine interaction across operations. C-CCP is expected to be more effective in pattern detection across ongoing operations, self-recognition, failure correction, and informed decision-making. Sensors, actuators, robotic units, control systems, wireless communications technologies (5 G and 6 G), and the human-machine interface are among the major components of C-CCP.
Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (CAI)
Cognitive Artificial Intelligence (CAI), also known as artificial cognitive intelligence, is the byproduct of integrating AI and artificial consciousness. The existing AI systems, including symbol processing-based and deep learning-based AI variants, have still not reached the pinnacle of their potential. This limitation particularly restricts the implication of AI for C-CCP, where the trustworthiness and reliability of autonomous physical systems are essential. Experts believe that attempting to create qualia out of the vastness of exploratory sensory information in parallel with natural language processing, data mining, and pattern recognition would allow CAI to understand the outside world better and think, re-learn, and act like a human. In turn, this could allow for self-healing AI to emerge that automatically would adopt component changes in the application. CAI would be an indispensable technological constituent of Industry 5.0 as it helps stakeholders make better decisions, reduces information overload, decreases errors, improves health and safety, and generates more sustainable products and services.
Human interaction and recognition technologies (HIRT)
Human interaction and recognition technologies (HIRT) play a significant role in enabling the human-centricity feature of Industry 5.0. The last-gen HIRT had many difficulties identifying the human’s behavior spatial complexity, emotions, and action characteristics [Citation39]. The emerging HIRT under Industry 5.0 agenda aims to optimally interconnect and integrate humans with machines so that the resulting human-machine interaction offers safer, streamlined, and more pleasant physical and cognitive tasks. Vision-guided robotics, short-wave infrared technology, sensor fusion, sensor data triangulation, embedded vision systems, adaptable human intention and trajectory prediction, and multi-lingual speech and gesture recognition are examples of vital emerging HIRT that can play a significant role in Industry 5.0. No sensing and cognition technology has the necessary emotional intelligence to seamlessly judge the ever-changing working condition and arrive at the best replication of what humans would genuinely do in a given situation. Indeed, HIRT may only deliver its functions while interacting with other technological constituents of Industry 5.0, such as CAI, C-CCP, cloud data, and edge computing.
Extended reality (XR)
Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term for various immersive technologies, including traditional and emerging augmented, virtual, and mixed-reality technologies. XR technologies, especially mixed reality, are an essential technological constituent of the fifth industrial revolution, as they offer numerous benefits to Industry 5.0 stakeholders. Improved customer experience, advanced industrial and academic training, real-time immersive fault diagnostic of industrial operations, and improved safety and efficiency of industrial processes are a few examples of XR implications for Industry 5.0. The XR market is expected to grow within the next decade rapidly. However, the industrial application of modern immersive and XR technologies under the Industry 5.0 agenda might be hindered by particular technical challenges such as data processing limitations, motion tracking, and connectivity issues. Experts believe advancements in big data, edge computing, 6 G, and AI will alleviate these technical challenges as Industry 5.0 advances.
Industrial Smart Wearable (ISW)
Industrial Smart Wearable (ISW) is essential to Industry 5.0 since the human worker will play an ever-more essential role in value creation under this paradigm. The proliferation of more intelligent and advanced industrial wearables would allow workers to perform their tasks safer, faster, and more productively. There is a diverse and growing range of emerging ISW available to businesses, which offer various functionalities in line with Industry 5.0 objectives. Bio-inspired protective gears and exoskeletons can improve industrial workers’ capabilities, strength, productivity, and stability. Head-worn ISWs can enhance human operators’ navigation and information-sharing capabilities, whereas clothing ISWs can use conductive or optical sensors to monitor and track the vitals of the workforce. Experts even pursue embedded tracking ISW that monitors workers’ mental and physical strain and stress. Within the Industry 5.0 context, ISW operates under C-CCP and relies on CAI and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to communicate and interact with other facilitating and emerging technologies such as 3D printers, adaptive-collaborative bots, and autonomous vehicles.
Intelligent or Adaptive Robots
Intelligent or Adaptive Robots are the next generation of industrial robotics that allow a higher level of human-centric automation in the Industry 5.0 business environment. Traditional robots are characterized as fast and productive, yet they need to be isolated by physical barriers for safety purposes. Collaborative robots, on the other hand, have been designed to work in collaboration with the human operator safely and without a physical barrier, but at the expense of lower speed and nominal load. Intelligent (adaptive) robots can be regarded as an evolution of traditional and collaborative robots, highly productive robots capable of adapting to complicated environments and novel situations while accomplishing a more extensive set of complex tasks. Precision component assembling, transportation of parts, advanced assembly, and soft-material surface processing are among the many application scenarios of adaptive robots under Industry 5.0. The prevalence of adaptive robots is expected to grow under Industry 5.0 as computer vision, machine cognition, edge computing, and AI technologies increasingly progress.
Intelligent Energy Management System (IEMS)
Intelligent Energy Management System (IEMS) offers important implications for energy efficiency and sustainability. Although Industrial productivity as the primary techno-economic objective of Industry 5.0 favors energy efficiency, the digitalization of industrial operations, smart products, connected customers, and the overall overconsumption and shorter product lifecycle intrinsic to the ongoing industrial revolution lead to the rebound in energy demand. IEMS promotes energy efficiency through real-time monitoring and control of energy systems, enhancing the technical and commercial efficiency of energy production, assessing energy quality, and improving the reliability of energy systems. IEMS and the complementing technologies such as cloud demand response systems, smart storage, intelligent charging technologies, microgrids, and blockchain-based peer-to-peer electricity trade help bridge the gap in developing renewable energy resources and integrating them into industrial and commercial operations.
Dynamic Simulation and Digital Twin (DSDT)
Dynamic Simulation and Digital Twin (DSDT) technologies pair physical and virtual worlds, allowing proactive data analysis and monitoring of complex systems. DSDT technologies recreate digital representations of existing or impending physical systems such as products, processes, or an entire production line, which allows for tackling design inefficiencies, problems, performance concerns, and even future improvement planning, proactively and economically. Mass personalization is indispensable to Industry 5.0, and DSDT allows for predicting and optimizing the effectiveness and performance of customizable products and reducing the complexity of the underlying manufacturing processes. More importantly, DSDT is crucial to the sustainability objectives of Industry 5.0, as it allows businesses to simulate and predict the digital socio-environmental footprint of their products and services from design, prototyping, and development through end-user consumption and end-of-life-recovery. DSDT technologies are data-driven and build on AI, the Internet of Everything (IoE), big data, and adaptive analytics to integrate historical and real-time data to construct the underlying complex virtual models.
Smart Product Lifecycle Management (SPLM)
Smart Product Lifecycle Management (SPLM) systems provide a more robust integration of processes across the value network, offering an all-inclusive product life coverage. SPLM facilitates process integration and networking by creating digital models of product, service, manufacturing, and supply chain processes. SPLM also plays a critical role in materializing the smart product concept under Industry 5.0. Smart products are equipped with sensors, communication interfaces, processors, and embedded software to provide manufacturers and customers with added value. SPLM can integrate with smart product embedded software, corporate backend systems, cloud service, and Internet of Services (IoS) to offer complete control of early-to-end stage product data. Overall, smart and integrative SPLM critically contributes to the productivity, servitization, and product circularity objectives of Industry 5.0 by offering authoritative control over product and process data and improving manufacturing productivity, operational agility, environmental compliance, product quality, and end-of-life recovery.